Energy Operations Research

Grand Challenges for the Clean Energy Transition

A home for operations research on energy — organized around the grand challenges of SDG 7, with a searchable, community-grown literature database and open datasets. Built for researchers, students, and practitioners.

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The Overarching Challenge

How can firms and energy-system actors design operations, contracts, and coordination mechanisms that make clean-energy technologies reliably profitable and accessible under limited, uncertain, or shifting policy support — to provide clean power to all people?

The research agenda is organized into three overarching areas — expanding access, scaling clean supply, and coordinating decentralized systems — and twelve sub-challenges. Click an area to open it, and a sub-challenge to see its literature. This framing follows Kaps, Netessine, Rana & Karaduman, OM Grand Challenges: SDG 7.

Area 1 · Access

How to accelerate affordable clean-energy access and adoption?

Closing access and adoption gaps by improving the business models, contracts, and field operations that make clean energy affordable and usable for heterogeneous customers.

A1Design energy business models that scale electricity and clean-fuel access in developing economies.
A2Structure contracts and operating models that lower upfront costs and accelerate payback for electrification.
A3Accelerate clean-technology adoption in hard-to-decarbonize sectors when costs, benefits, and risks are unevenly shared across firms.
A4Help energy-intensive firms, like data centers, secure timely access to clean and reliable electricity.
Area 2 · Supply

How to accelerate the rollout of reliably profitable decentralized energy systems?

Addressing the full lifecycle of renewable assets — from siting through decommissioning — where an asset's value differs from its raw output.

S1Choose, size, and site renewable electricity generation assets to maximize long-term value.
S2Design and scale supply chains for clean-energy technologies and their critical material inputs.
S3Speed up the interconnection queue.
S4Manage the end-of-life retrofitting, repurposing, and recycling of clean-energy technologies.
Area 3 · Coordination

How to match renewable supply and demand across short- and long-term timescales?

Orchestrating millions of small, heterogeneous, strategic resources — flexible loads, batteries, and prosumers — rather than dispatching a handful of large, controllable plants.

C1Incentivize customers' demand to be flexible.
C2Design, manage, and monetize platform-based coordination mechanisms (VPPs, aggregators) for distributed energy resources.
C3Value and operate energy storage across longer (e.g., seasonal) timescales.
C4Optimally operate and phase out fossil-fuel asset portfolios during the transition.

Papers attach automatically from the shared database. Working on something that belongs here? Suggest it and it appears under the relevant sub-challenge.